pd-l1 antibody
PD-L1 Antibody |
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49251-100ul | SAB | 100ul | 399.6 EUR |
PD-L1 Antibody |
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49251-50ul | SAB | 50ul | 286.8 EUR |
PD-L1 Antibody |
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P1013-01m | SAB | 0.1m | 224.4 EUR |
PD-L1 Antibody |
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P1013-1ml | SAB | 1ml | 807.6 EUR |
PD-L1 Antibody |
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R31573 | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 356.15 EUR |
Description: Programmed death-ligand 1, also known as CD274 or B7-H1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD274 gene. It is a 33-70kDa type 1 transmembrane protein that has been speculated to play a major role in suppressing the immune system during particular events such as pregnancy, tissue allografts, autoimmune disease and other disease states such as hepatitis. Upregulation on tumor MDCs downregulates T-cell immunity and PD-L1 blockade may represent an approach for cancer immunotherapy. It can provide positive costimulatory signals for innate and adaptive immunity and for protection against intracellular bacterial infection. It has been found that PD1/PDL1 pathway may be a good target for restoring antitumor immunity in ovarian cancer. |
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PD-L1 Antibody |
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R33263-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 339.15 EUR |
Description: Additional name(s) for this target protein: Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; CD274 |
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Anti-PD-L1 Antibody |
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A1454-100 | Biovision | each | 405.6 EUR |
Anti-PD-L1 Antibody |
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A1454-30T | Biovision | each | 175.2 EUR |
Anti-PD-L1 antibody |
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STJ180217 | St John's Laboratory | 0.1 ml | 336 EUR |
Anti-PD-L1 antibody |
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STJ180383 | St John's Laboratory | 0.1 ml | 295.2 EUR |
Anti-PD-L1 antibody |
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STJ190082 | St John's Laboratory | 200 µl | 236.4 EUR |
Description: Unconjugated Mouse monoclonal to PD-L1 (AS1A7) |
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Anti-PD-L1 antibody |
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STJ130022 | St John's Laboratory | 50 µl | 385.2 EUR |
Description: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a 40kDa type 1 transmembrane protein that suppresses immune system. PD-L1 is expressed in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells including T cells and B cells and various types of tumor cells. PD-L1 binds to its receptor Programmed death 1 (PD1). During infection or inflammation, PD1PD-L1 interaction is important for preventing autoimmunity. In tumor microenvironments, PD1-PD-L1 interaction provides an immune escape for tumor cells through cytotoxic T-cell inactivation. Expression of this gene in tumor cells is considered to be prognostic in many types of human cancers. In recent years, PDL1 has become an important biomarker and immunotherapy target for many types of malignancies. |
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Anti-PD-L1 antibody |
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STJ130023 | St John's Laboratory | 50 µl | 385.2 EUR |
Description: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a 40kDa type 1 transmembrane protein that suppresses immune system. PD-L1 is expressed in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells including T cells and B cells and various types of tumor cells. PD-L1 binds to its receptor Programmed death 1 (PD1). During infection or inflammation, PD1PD-L1 interaction is important for preventing autoimmunity. In tumor microenvironments, PD1-PD-L1 interaction provides an immune escape for tumor cells through cytotoxic T-cell inactivation. Expression of this gene in tumor cells is considered to be prognostic in many types of human cancers. In recent years, PDL1 has become an important biomarker and immunotherapy target for many types of malignancies. |
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Anti-PD-L1 antibody |
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STJ130024 | St John's Laboratory | 50 µl | 385.2 EUR |
Description: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a 40kDa type 1 transmembrane protein that suppresses immune system. PD-L1 is expressed in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells including T cells and B cells and various types of tumor cells. PD-L1 binds to its receptor Programmed death 1 (PD1). During infection or inflammation, PD1PD-L1 interaction is important for preventing autoimmunity. In tumor microenvironments, PD1-PD-L1 interaction provides an immune escape for tumor cells through cytotoxic T-cell inactivation. Expression of this gene in tumor cells is considered to be prognostic in many types of human cancers. In recent years, PDL1 has become an important biomarker and immunotherapy target for many types of malignancies. |
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PD-L1 Antibody [F6A9] |
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SD8639-002mg | ProSci | 0.02 mg | 253.22 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 Antibody: Cell-mediated immune responses are initiated by T lymphocytes that are themselves stimulated by cognate peptides bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APC). T-cell activation is generally self-limited as activated T cells express receptors such as PD-1 (also known as PDCD-1) that mediate inhibitory signals from the APC. PD-1 can bind two different but related ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. PD-L1 is a B7-related protein that inhibits cell-mediated immune responses by reducing the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10 from memory T cells. This suggests that PD-L1 may be useful in reducing allogenic CD4+ memory T-cell responses to endothelial cells, thereby reducing the likelihood of host immune responses to allografts. |
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PD-L1 Antibody [F6A9] |
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SD8639-01mg | ProSci | 0.1 mg | 723.62 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 Antibody: Cell-mediated immune responses are initiated by T lymphocytes that are themselves stimulated by cognate peptides bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APC). T-cell activation is generally self-limited as activated T cells express receptors such as PD-1 (also known as PDCD-1) that mediate inhibitory signals from the APC. PD-1 can bind two different but related ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. PD-L1 is a B7-related protein that inhibits cell-mediated immune responses by reducing the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10 from memory T cells. This suggests that PD-L1 may be useful in reducing allogenic CD4+ memory T-cell responses to endothelial cells, thereby reducing the likelihood of host immune responses to allografts. |
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PD-L1 Antibody [F2G2] |
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SD8641-002mg | ProSci | 0.02 mg | 253.22 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 Antibody: Cell-mediated immune responses are initiated by T lymphocytes that are themselves stimulated by cognate peptides bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APC). T-cell activation is generally self-limited as activated T cells express receptors such as PD-1 (also known as PDCD-1) that mediate inhibitory signals from the APC. PD-1 can bind two different but related ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. PD-L1 is a B7-related protein that inhibits cell-mediated immune responses by reducing the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10 from memory T cells. This suggests that PD-L1 may be useful in reducing allogenic CD4+ memory T-cell responses to endothelial cells, thereby reducing the likelihood of host immune responses to allografts. |
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PD-L1 Antibody [F2G2] |
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SD8641-01mg | ProSci | 0.1 mg | 723.62 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 Antibody: Cell-mediated immune responses are initiated by T lymphocytes that are themselves stimulated by cognate peptides bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APC). T-cell activation is generally self-limited as activated T cells express receptors such as PD-1 (also known as PDCD-1) that mediate inhibitory signals from the APC. PD-1 can bind two different but related ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. PD-L1 is a B7-related protein that inhibits cell-mediated immune responses by reducing the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10 from memory T cells. This suggests that PD-L1 may be useful in reducing allogenic CD4+ memory T-cell responses to endothelial cells, thereby reducing the likelihood of host immune responses to allografts. |
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Mouse PD-L1 Antibody |
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32903-05111 | AssayPro | 150 ug | 313.2 EUR |
PD-L1 Conjugated Antibody |
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C49251 | SAB | 100ul | 476.4 EUR |
anti- PD-L1/CD274 antibody |
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FNab06280 | FN Test | 100µg | 606.3 EUR |
Description: Antibody raised against PD-L1/CD274 |
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anti- PD-L1/CD274 antibody |
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FNab06281 | FN Test | 100µg | 658.5 EUR |
Description: Antibody raised against PD-L1/CD274 |
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anti-PD-L1 VHH antibody |
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JOT0002-5 | Jotbody | each | Ask for price |
Anti-PD-L1/CD274 Antibody |
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PB9994 | BosterBio | 100ug/vial | 352.8 EUR |
Anti-PD-L1/CD274 Antibody |
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PB9154 | BosterBio | 100ug/vial | 352.8 EUR |
Anti-PD-L1/CD274 Antibody |
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PA1851 | BosterBio | 100ug/vial | 352.8 EUR |
Anti-PD-L1/CD274 antibody |
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PAab06280 | Lifescience Market | 100 ug | 426 EUR |
Anti-CD274 / PD-L1 antibody |
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STJ70646 | St John's Laboratory | 100 µg | 430.8 EUR |
Anti-PD-L1 Antibody (IHC411) |
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A1549-50 | Biovision | each | 222 EUR |
Ribosome-inactivating protein PD-L1 / PD-L2 Antibody |
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20-abx319445 | Abbexa |
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Ribosome-inactivating protein PD-L1/PD-L2 Antibody |
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1-CSB-PA306294LA01PJJ | Cusabio |
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Description: A polyclonal antibody against Ribosome-inactivating protein PD-L1/PD-L2. Recognizes Ribosome-inactivating protein PD-L1/PD-L2 from Phytolacca dioica. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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F55054-0.1ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 0.1ml | 339.15 EUR |
Description: As a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PDCD1/PD-1, PD-L1 modulates the activation threshold of T-cells and limits T-cell effector response. [UniProt] |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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R32479 | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 356.15 EUR |
Description: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), also known as CD274 or B7-H1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD274 gene. It is mapped to 9p24.1. PD-L1 is a 40kDa type 1 transmembrane protein that has been speculated to play a major role in suppressing the immune system during particular events such as pregnancy, tissue allografts, autoimmune disease and other disease states such as hepatitis. It has been concluded that upregulation of PD-L1 on tumor MDCs downregulates T-cell immunity and that PD-L1 blockade may represent an approach for cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, PD-L1 can provide positive costimulatory signals for innate and adaptive immunity and for protection against intracellular bacterial infection. What’s more, it has been found that PD1/PDL1 pathway may be a good target for restoring antitumor immunity in ovarian cancer. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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R32579 | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 356.15 EUR |
Description: B7 Homolog 1 (B7-H1), also known as CD274 or PD-L1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD274 gene. It is mapped to 9p24.1. B7-H1 is a 40kDa type 1 transmembrane protein that has been speculated to play a major role in suppressing the immune system during particular events such as pregnancy, tissue allografts, autoimmune disease and other disease states such as hepatitis. It has been concluded that upregulation of B7-H1 on tumor MDCs downregulates T-cell immunity and that B7-H1 blockade may represent an approach for cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, B7-H1 can provide positive costimulatory signals for innate and adaptive immunity and for protection against intracellular bacterial infection. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V9155-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100ug | 349.3 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 is a checkpoint regulator in immune cells, it is expressed on immune or non-hematopoietic cells. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V9155-20UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 20ug | 153.3 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 is a checkpoint regulator in immune cells, it is expressed on immune or non-hematopoietic cells. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V9155SAF-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100ug | 349.3 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 is a checkpoint regulator in immune cells, it is expressed on immune or non-hematopoietic cells. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V3955-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 349.3 EUR |
Description: Engagement of CD28 by B7-1 (CD80) or B7-2 (CD86) in the presence of antigen promotes T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, differentiation of effector T-cells and the induction of BCLX, a promoter of T-cell survival. recruitment of CTLA4 by B7-1 or B7-2, on the other hand, may inhibit proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. PD-L1 is 290-amino acid type I transmembrane protein, which is 20% and 15% identical to B7-1 and B7-2, respectively, has immunoglobulin V-like and C-like domains and a 30-amino acid cytoplasmic tail. PD-L1 does not bind CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte A4 or ICOS (inducible co-stimulator). IL-2, although produced in small amounts, is required for the effect of PD-L1 co-stimulation. PD-L2 protein contains a signal sequence, IgV- and IgC-like domains, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic region. Constitutive expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on parenchymal cells of heart, lung and kidney suggests that the PD-1-PD-L system could provide unique negative signaling to help prevent autoimmune diseases. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V3955-20UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 20 ug | 153.3 EUR |
Description: Engagement of CD28 by B7-1 (CD80) or B7-2 (CD86) in the presence of antigen promotes T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, differentiation of effector T-cells and the induction of BCLX, a promoter of T-cell survival. recruitment of CTLA4 by B7-1 or B7-2, on the other hand, may inhibit proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. PD-L1 is 290-amino acid type I transmembrane protein, which is 20% and 15% identical to B7-1 and B7-2, respectively, has immunoglobulin V-like and C-like domains and a 30-amino acid cytoplasmic tail. PD-L1 does not bind CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte A4 or ICOS (inducible co-stimulator). IL-2, although produced in small amounts, is required for the effect of PD-L1 co-stimulation. PD-L2 protein contains a signal sequence, IgV- and IgC-like domains, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic region. Constitutive expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on parenchymal cells of heart, lung and kidney suggests that the PD-1-PD-L system could provide unique negative signaling to help prevent autoimmune diseases. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V3955BTN | NSJ Bioreagents | 500 ul | 349.3 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 is a checkpoint regulator in immune cells, it is expressed on immune or non-hematopoietic cells. Expression of the protein is seen during pregnancy where it has a role in suppressing the immune system. PD-L1 induces an inhibitory signal in activated T-cells and promotes T-cell apoptosis. It is overexpressed in a number of different cancers where it is believed to play a significant role in the cancer s ability to evade the immune system. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V3955PE-100T | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 Tests | 349.3 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 is a checkpoint regulator in immune cells, it is expressed on immune or non-hematopoietic cells. Expression of the protein is seen during pregnancy where it has a role in suppressing the immune system. PD-L1 induces an inhibitory signal in activated T-cells and promotes T-cell apoptosis. It is overexpressed in a number of different cancers where it is believed to play a significant role in the cancer s ability to evade the immune system. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V3955SAF-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 349.3 EUR |
Description: Engagement of CD28 by B7-1 (CD80) or B7-2 (CD86) in the presence of antigen promotes T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, differentiation of effector T-cells and the induction of BCLX, a promoter of T-cell survival. recruitment of CTLA4 by B7-1 or B7-2, on the other hand, may inhibit proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. PD-L1 is 290-amino acid type I transmembrane protein, which is 20% and 15% identical to B7-1 and B7-2, respectively, has immunoglobulin V-like and C-like domains and a 30-amino acid cytoplasmic tail. PD-L1 does not bind CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte A4 or ICOS (inducible co-stimulator). IL-2, although produced in small amounts, is required for the effect of PD-L1 co-stimulation. PD-L2 protein contains a signal sequence, IgV- and IgC-like domains, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic region. Constitutive expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on parenchymal cells of heart, lung and kidney suggests that the PD-1-PD-L system could provide unique negative signaling to help prevent autoimmune diseases. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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R20345-0.1ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 100ul | 409 EUR |
PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V7822-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 349.3 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 is a checkpoint regulator in immune cells, it is expressed on immune or non-hematopoietic cells. Expression of the protein is seen during pregnancy where it has a role in suppressing the immune system. PD-L1 induces an inhibitory signal in activated T-cells and promotes T-cell apoptosis. It is overexpressed in a number of different cancers where it is believed to play a significant role in the cancer s ability to evade the immune system. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V7822-20UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 20 ug | 153.3 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 is a checkpoint regulator in immune cells, it is expressed on immune or non-hematopoietic cells. Expression of the protein is seen during pregnancy where it has a role in suppressing the immune system. PD-L1 induces an inhibitory signal in activated T-cells and promotes T-cell apoptosis. It is overexpressed in a number of different cancers where it is believed to play a significant role in the cancer s ability to evade the immune system. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V7822SAF-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 349.3 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 is a checkpoint regulator in immune cells, it is expressed on immune or non-hematopoietic cells. Expression of the protein is seen during pregnancy where it has a role in suppressing the immune system. PD-L1 induces an inhibitory signal in activated T-cells and promotes T-cell apoptosis. It is overexpressed in a number of different cancers where it is believed to play a significant role in the cancer s ability to evade the immune system. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V7823-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 349.3 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 is a checkpoint regulator in immune cells, it is expressed on immune or non-hematopoietic cells. Expression of the protein is seen during pregnancy where it has a role in suppressing the immune system. PD-L1 induces an inhibitory signal in activated T-cells and promotes T-cell apoptosis. It is overexpressed in a number of different cancers where it is believed to play a significant role in the cancer s ability to evade the immune system. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V7823-20UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 20 ug | 153.3 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 is a checkpoint regulator in immune cells, it is expressed on immune or non-hematopoietic cells. Expression of the protein is seen during pregnancy where it has a role in suppressing the immune system. PD-L1 induces an inhibitory signal in activated T-cells and promotes T-cell apoptosis. It is overexpressed in a number of different cancers where it is believed to play a significant role in the cancer s ability to evade the immune system. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V7823SAF-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 349.3 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 is a checkpoint regulator in immune cells, it is expressed on immune or non-hematopoietic cells. Expression of the protein is seen during pregnancy where it has a role in suppressing the immune system. PD-L1 induces an inhibitory signal in activated T-cells and promotes T-cell apoptosis. It is overexpressed in a number of different cancers where it is believed to play a significant role in the cancer s ability to evade the immune system. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V7974-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 349.3 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 is a checkpoint regulator in immune cells, it is expressed on immune or non-hematopoietic cells. Expression of the protein is seen during pregnancy where it has a role in suppressing the immune system. PD-L1 induces an inhibitory signal in activated T-cells and promotes T-cell apoptosis. It is overexpressed in a number of different cancers where it is believed to play a significant role in the cancer s ability to evade the immune system. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V7974-20UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 20 ug | 153.3 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 is a checkpoint regulator in immune cells, it is expressed on immune or non-hematopoietic cells. Expression of the protein is seen during pregnancy where it has a role in suppressing the immune system. PD-L1 induces an inhibitory signal in activated T-cells and promotes T-cell apoptosis. It is overexpressed in a number of different cancers where it is believed to play a significant role in the cancer s ability to evade the immune system. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V7974SAF-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 349.3 EUR |
Description: PD-L1 is a checkpoint regulator in immune cells, it is expressed on immune or non-hematopoietic cells. Expression of the protein is seen during pregnancy where it has a role in suppressing the immune system. PD-L1 induces an inhibitory signal in activated T-cells and promotes T-cell apoptosis. It is overexpressed in a number of different cancers where it is believed to play a significant role in the cancer s ability to evade the immune system. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V7988-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 349.3 EUR |
Description: Engagement of CD28 by B7-1 (CD80) or B7-2 (CD86) in the presence of antigen promotes T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, differentiation of effector T-cells and the induction of BCLX, a promoter of T-cell survival. Engagement of CTLA4 by B7-1 or B7-2, on the other hand, may inhibit proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. PD-L1 is 290-amino acid type I transmembrane protein, which is 20% and 15% identical to B7-1 and B7-2, respectively, has immunoglobulin V-like and C-like domains and a 30-amino acid cytoplasmic tail. PD-L1 does not bind CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte A4 or ICOS (inducible co-stimulator). IL-2, although produced in small amounts, is required for the effect of PD-L1 co-stimulation. PD-L2 protein contains a signal sequence, IgV- and IgC-like domains, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic region. The constitutive expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on parenchymal cells of heart, lung and kidney suggests that the PD-1-PD-L system could provide unique negative signaling to help prevent autoimmune diseases. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V7988-20UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 20 ug | 153.3 EUR |
Description: Engagement of CD28 by B7-1 (CD80) or B7-2 (CD86) in the presence of antigen promotes T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, differentiation of effector T-cells and the induction of BCLX, a promoter of T-cell survival. Engagement of CTLA4 by B7-1 or B7-2, on the other hand, may inhibit proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. PD-L1 is 290-amino acid type I transmembrane protein, which is 20% and 15% identical to B7-1 and B7-2, respectively, has immunoglobulin V-like and C-like domains and a 30-amino acid cytoplasmic tail. PD-L1 does not bind CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte A4 or ICOS (inducible co-stimulator). IL-2, although produced in small amounts, is required for the effect of PD-L1 co-stimulation. PD-L2 protein contains a signal sequence, IgV- and IgC-like domains, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic region. The constitutive expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on parenchymal cells of heart, lung and kidney suggests that the PD-1-PD-L system could provide unique negative signaling to help prevent autoimmune diseases. |
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PD-L1 Antibody / B7-H1 / CD274 |
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V7988SAF-100UG | NSJ Bioreagents | 100 ug | 349.3 EUR |
Description: Engagement of CD28 by B7-1 (CD80) or B7-2 (CD86) in the presence of antigen promotes T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, differentiation of effector T-cells and the induction of BCLX, a promoter of T-cell survival. Engagement of CTLA4 by B7-1 or B7-2, on the other hand, may inhibit proliferation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. PD-L1 is 290-amino acid type I transmembrane protein, which is 20% and 15% identical to B7-1 and B7-2, respectively, has immunoglobulin V-like and C-like domains and a 30-amino acid cytoplasmic tail. PD-L1 does not bind CD28, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte A4 or ICOS (inducible co-stimulator). IL-2, although produced in small amounts, is required for the effect of PD-L1 co-stimulation. PD-L2 protein contains a signal sequence, IgV- and IgC-like domains, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic region. The constitutive expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on parenchymal cells of heart, lung and kidney suggests that the PD-1-PD-L system could provide unique negative signaling to help prevent autoimmune diseases. |